8/3/2023 0 Comments Random spinner![]() ![]() ![]() Spinors and bispinors behave similarly to vectors: they have definite magnitudes and change under rotations however, they use an unconventional "direction". Spin is described mathematically as a vector for some particles such as photons, and as spinors and bispinors for other particles such as electrons. ![]() The existence of the electron spin can also be inferred theoretically from the spin–statistics theorem and from the Pauli exclusion principle-and vice versa, given the particular spin of the electron, one may derive the Pauli exclusion principle. The existence of electron spin angular momentum is inferred from experiments, such as the Stern–Gerlach experiment, in which silver atoms were observed to possess two possible discrete angular momenta despite having no orbital angular momentum. For photons, spin is the quantum-mechanical counterpart of the polarization of light for electrons, the spin has no classical counterpart. The orbital angular momentum operator appears when there is periodic structure to its wave function as the angle varies. There is another type of angular momentum that more closely resembles rotation in classical mechanics, called orbital angular momentum. Spin should not be simply understood as in the "rotating internal mass" sense. Spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, and thus by composite particles such as hadrons, atomic nuclei, and atoms. For rotation in classical mechanics, see Angular momentum. This article is about spin in quantum mechanics. ![]()
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